Mughal empire humayun biography of mahatma

The second Mughal ruler, Humayun died in January 1556 in Delhi after falling from the stairs. He was born on March 6, 1508, in Kabul, Afghanistan to Babur, the founder of the Mughal dynasty.Humayun had the chance to rule the Mughal empire starting from 1530 to 1540 and then again from 1555 to 1556. 

About Humayun

Humayun was born to Babur as the eldest son of the family. The meaning of ‘Humayun’ is ‘fortunate,’ however, his name is opposite to the rule he did in the Mughal empire. Within six months of assuming power, Humayun initiated a siege on the fortress of Kalinjar in Bundelkhand, achieving a significant triumph over the Afghans at Douhrua. He successfully ousted Sultan Mahmood Lodhi from Jaunpur and even vanquished Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. Despite these successes, his triumphs proved fleeting, largely due to the frailty of his character. He has three brothers in total- Kamran, Askari, and Hindal. He later divided the kingdom for all four of them which turned out to be the worst decision of the ruler. 

Also Read- Babur: The Magnificent History of the First Mughal Emperor

Where did Humayun Die?

Sher Mandal, a library and an observatory was used by the Mughals. It is in the shape of an octagon and was built by Sher Shah Suri. It is one of the best surviving structures in the highest point of ‘Purana Qila’ also known as the ‘old fort’ and a lot of visitors make their visits regularly to this place.

It was in that building that Humayun lost his life. It is a two-story building and when Humayun was heading

The Mughal Empire, celebrated for its cultural and architectural magnificence, bears the hidden scars of a somber history marked by religious persecution, cruelty, and oppressive anti-Hindu policies. These actions ranged from religious persecution and forced conversions to the destruction of sacred sites and brutal military campaigns aimed at subjugating non-Muslim communities. In this comprehensive exploration, we delve deep into this grim chapter of Mughal history, shedding light on the heinous atrocities inflicted upon non-Muslims, the brutal oppression faced by Hindu communities, and the inspiring sacrifices made by Sikhs in the face of unrelenting tyranny.

Mughal Atrocities: A Legacy of Conquest and Religious Persecution

The Mughal Empire, from its inception under Babur, was marked by systematic aggression and religious intolerance, often targeting non-Muslim communities. Babur’s campaigns following the Battle of Panipat in 1526 involved the destruction of Hindu temples and idols, as documented in his memoirs, the Baburnama. His disdain for indigenous religions laid the foundation for Mughal atrocities, which continued under his successors. Humayun, though preoccupied with political instability, adopted Shia practices during his exile in Persia and attempted to impose them upon his return, further entrenching religious coercion in Mughal governance.

Akbar, while celebrated for policies like Sulh-i-Kul, also perpetrated significant violence, such as the massacre of 30,000 civilians after the Siege of Chittorgarh in 1567. His campaigns against Rajput kingdoms and attempts to centralize religious authority through the Din-i Ilahi reflected cultural coercion. Jahangir continued this legacy with acts like the execution of Guru Arjan Dev, sparking Sikh resistance. Shah Jahan, despite his architectural achievements, destroyed Hindu temples and imposed severe taxes on non-Muslims. Aurangzeb’s reign epitomized Mughal atrocities, with the reimposition

Humayun, the second emperor of the Mughal dynasty, is perhaps less known than his successors. He never wrote an autobiography, nor did he commission one, and his court historian Khwan­damir employed an eccentric style of writing, which did not record events in a simple manner or glorify the emperor. Yet, contemporary historians emphasise Humayun’s role in building the Mughal Empire. Their scholarship stresses on his numerous successful military conquests, which he commandeered after early devastating losses and highlights his reputation as a learned, scientifically inclined emperor who was an avid bibliophile and patron of the arts and architecture. Humayun is therefore credited with paving the way for later Mughals to set up a dynasty with a strong legacy.

Hence, when the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) was looking for an inter­esting project over two decades ago, the elusive Humayun caught their attention. Through extensive research and restora­tion of relics from his time, they worked to dispel the unfounded notion that he was an unsuccessful ruler. AKTC’s efforts began by restoring the gardens surround­ing Humayun’s tomb in Delhi and will culminate in a new site museum that will open its doors later this year.

One of the first permanent exhibits to be unveiled ahead of the museum’s opening brings Humayun to life by casting him in his sculptural form in Seven Humayuns: Planets, Astrology & the Padshah, a collection of bronze sculp­tures made by Scottish sculptor Jill Watson. This exhibit was opened for preliminary viewing at the India Inter­national Centre in early March, ahead of their permanent display at the museum.

Ratish Nanda, director of AKTC, explains, “I wanted visitors to understand the cultural context of the museum. That is the endeavour of all museums around the world, so why not here? Not much is known of Humayun but through research we have attempted to find out some critical aspects of his reign. We raise que

In April 2023, authorities in India took the significant step of withdrawing a number of chapters pertaining to the Mughal Empire from the textbooks used across the nation.

A significant and prominent Muslim kingdom that ruled from the 15th century to almost the mid-19th century, the empire extended to nearly the whole of the subcontinent, accounting for almost 25 percent of the world’s gross domestic product at the time. Many of the prominent architectural marvels in India, including the famous Taj Mahal, are remnants of Mughal rule in India.

Now, information on the Mughal Empire is extremely limited in the classroom for grades 7–12. Students will study little about the 235 years of Mughal history, including renowned emperors like Akbar, Jahangir, and Humayun, and hardly will be exposed to materials related to Mughal rule chronicles like Badshah Nama, Akbarnama, and other textual and judicial compositions. And this applies not only in history classrooms. Textbook chapters on the theory of evolution, the periodic table, environmental sustainability, and energy sources, among other topics, have been entirely removed from the respective class curricula.

This move has received a strong backlash from international educators and scientists. Education professor Jonathan Osborne (Stanford Univ.) expressed his grave concern over the elimination of topics like evolution, saying, “Anybody who’s trying to teach biology without dealing with evolution is not teaching biology as we currently understand it.” The political manipulation of school curricula and textbooks in India has thus become a grave concern for educators around the world.

The origins of this erasure come from both national and state levels of India’s federated government. Although textbook revisions have always been an important pa