Cato bontjes van beek biography of michaels
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- Repression, Dissent, and the Onset of Civil War
- The prevailing wisdom among scholars of civil war is that weak states, or resource-poor states, are the most prone to this form of political violence. Yet, a large portion of resource poor states never experience civil war. What can account for why resource-poor states, like El Salvador, are prone to civil war while resource-poor states, such as Bhutan, are not? I offer a theory of civil war onset that explains how dissidents and states interact to produce civil war. This theory moves beyond structural explanations and explains how the choices of states and dissidents jointly produce violence. From the theory, I derive the expectation that states that repress their citizens are the most likely to kill citizens and to generate dissident violence. In short, the resolution to the puzzle is: State leaders from resource-poor states, who choose to repress, are the most likely to generate violence that exceeds the civil war threshold. This insight not only resolves an academic puzzle but when tested provides a model with better in-sample prediction of civil war than previous models. After explicating the theory and discussing concepts, I empirically evaluate the hypotheses implied by these arguments using a large cross-national dataset including a global sample from 1975 to 1999. I utilize structural equation modeling as well as two-stage procedures to estimate the direct and indirect effects of variables outlined in the theory. Using a novel approach to reducing bias in my data, time-dependent propensity score matching, I isolate the causal effects of repression on a state's likelihood of experiencing civil war. I then extend the insights of the model to other forms of political violence including interstate conflict and insurgency and offer hypotheses relating to current debates over counterinsurgency policy and the relationship between state making and interstate war., Submitted Note: A Dissertation su
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Overview
- Brief Narrative
- Vest worn by Lisa Gervai-Egler, probably postwar, when she returned to Berlin after being liberated from a concentration camp. During the war, while Lisa was a student at the Berlin Museum School of Fine Arts, she joined an anti-Nazi resistance movement known as the Rote Kapelle (Red Orchestra). This group smuggled coded messages on troop movements and other strategic information to the Russian Front. Lisa was captured while on a mission in Poland and imprisoned by the Germans. Toward the end of the war, she met an American soldier, David Eizenberg, who was serving as a Russian translator.
David remained in Germany after the war ended in May 1945, working with the Joint Distribution Committee and HIAS in displaced persons camps near Berlin. He and Lisa met again and married in 1946. - Credit Line
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of the family of David and Lisa Eizenberg
- Contributor
- Subject: Lisa Eizenberg
- Biography
Lisa Gervai Egler was born on May 19, 1924, in Budapest, Hungary, to a Jewish Hungarian mother, Margit Gervai, and a non-Jewish German father, Alfred Egler. She was raised in Berlin, Germany. Inn 1933, the Nazi dictatorship took power in Germany. In her late teens, Lisa enrolled in the Museum School of Fine Arts. She joined an anti-Nazi resistance movement known as the Rote Kapelle (Orchestra). This group smuggled coded messages on troop movements and other strategic information to the Russian Front. Lisa was captured while on a mission in Poland and imprisoned by the Germans. At least two friends and members of the Red Orchestra group, Cato Bontjes van Beek and Heinz Stroller, were executed by the Gestapo. Toward the end of the war, Lisa met an American soldier, Sergeant David Eizenberg, a US military intelligence officer who was serving as a Russian translator. She was leaving on a mission when her car got a flat tire and David stopped to fix
- Identifier
- irn283110
- Language of Description
- English
- Alt. Identifiers
- Level of Description
- Item
- Source
- EHRI Partner
Lisa Gervai Egler was born on May 19, 1924, in Budapest, Hungary, to a Jewish Hungarian mother, Margit Gervai, and a non-Jewish German father, Alfred Egler. She was raised in Berlin, Germany. Inn 1933, the Nazi dictatorship took power in Germany. In her late teens, Lisa enrolled in the Museum School of Fine Arts. She joined an anti-Nazi resistance movement known as the Rote Kapelle (Orchestra). This group smuggled coded messages on troop movements and other strategic information to the Russian Front. Lisa was captured while on a mission in Poland and imprisoned by the Germans. At least two friends and members of the Red Orchestra group, Cato Bontjes van Beek and Heinz Stroller, were executed by the Gestapo. Toward the end of the war, Lisa met an American soldier, Sergeant David Eizenberg, a US military intelligence officer who was serving as a Russian translator. She was leaving on a mission when her car got a flat tire and David stopped to fix it. After the war ended in May 1945, David remained in Germany, working with the Joint Distribution Committee and HIAS in displaced persons camps near Berlin. He and Lisa met again and married in 1946. When they moved to the US, they settled in the Boston area and had three children. Lisa was a noted sculptor and poet. David passed away in 1993. Lisa, 79, died in August 2003.
The coat was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2015 by Daniel Eizenberg, Michael Eizenberg, and Nina Schuessler, the children of David and Lisa Eizenberg.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of the family of David and Lisa Eizenberg
Funding Note: The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
Coat worn by Lisa Gervai-Egler, probably postwar when she returned to Berlin after being liberated fr
Plötzensee Prison
Men's prison in the Charlottenburg-Nord locality of Berlin
"Plötzensee" redirects here. For the small lake near the prison, see Plötzensee (lake).
Plötzensee Prison (German: Justizvollzugsanstalt Plötzensee, JVA Plötzensee) is a men's prison in the Charlottenburg-Nord locality of Berlin with a capacity for 577 prisoners, operated by the State of Berlin judicial administration. The detention centre established in 1868 has a long history; it became notorious during the Nazi era as one of the main sites of capital punishment, where about 3,000 inmates were executed. Famous inmates include East Germany's last communist leader Egon Krenz.
History
The prison was founded by resolution of the Prussian government under King William I and built until 1879 on the estates of the Plötzensee manor, named after nearby Plötzensee Lake (Plötze is the local German name of the common roach, cf. Płoć in Polish). The area divided by the Berlin-Spandau Ship Canal opened in 1859 was located at the outskirts of the Tegel forest northwest of the Berlin city limits in the Province of Brandenburg. The theologian Johann Hinrich Wichern had established the EvangelicalJohannesstift borstal nearby, which in 1905 moved to Spandau–Hakenfelde. In 1915, the lands east of the canal with Plötzensee Lake were incorporated into Berlin (the present-day Wedding district), the remaining area around the prison walls became part of the Berlin Charlottenburg borough upon the 1920 Greater Berlin Act. Since 2004, it belongs to the Charlottenburg-Nord locality.
The original name of what is today Haus 1 was Strafgefängnis Plötzensee, which also translates to Plötzensee Prison. Up to 1,400 inmates lived on premises of 25.7 ha (64 acres) including a church and a Jewish prayer area, then the largest prison of the German Empire. After World War II, the buildings demolished by the bombing of Berlin were rebuilt and housed a youth detention center (Jugendstrafanstalt
- Cato Bontjes van Beek, a young
- Title: Cato Bontjes van Beek: