Doroteo jose biography of michael

Antonio S. TAN*

The Chinese Mestizos and the Formation of the Filipino Nationality

The recorded history of the Philippines would be incomplete as a basis for understanding contemporary society unless it takes into account the Chinese mestizos' contributions to our development as a nation.

The Chinese mestizos were an important element of Philippine society in the 19th century. They played a significant role in the formation of the Filipino middle class, in the agitation for reforms, in the 1898 revolution, and in the formation of what is now known as the Filipino nationality. In contemporary times their role in nation-building continues.

Filipinos with Chinese blood in their veins have occupied important positions in the highest levels of the government. During the first half of the 20th century, one of the dominant national political figures, later the Vice- President of the Philippine Commonwealth, was Sergio Osmena who was a Chinese mestizo. During the American regime, the roster of the Philippine National Assembly was a veritable list of Chinese mestizos. A number of Chinese mestizos have become president : Jose P. Laurel, Elpidio Quirino, Ramon Magsaysay, and Ferdinand E. Marcos. Others in public service recently or today include Prime Minister Cesar Virata, Ministers Carlos P. Romulo, Roberto Ongpin, Arturo Tanco, National Food and Grains Administrator Jesus Tanchanco, Director of the National Library, Dr. Sera- fin Quiason and Supreme Court Justice Claudio Teehankee.

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Other prominent figures in our history in various fields of human endeavour were of Chinese-Filipino descent or partly so, either on the paternal or maternal side. A few of them can be cited. In religion, mother Ignacia de Espiritu Santo (founder of the first Filipino congregation for Filipino women, Fr. Lorenzo Ruiz (candidate for sainthood), and Jaime Cardinal Sin. In the judiciary, Justice Ramon Avancena and Supreme Court Justice Jose Abad Santos. In education, Vidal A. Tan (

Filipino writer, lawyer, and journalist

For the school, see Marcelo H. del Pilar National High School.Not to be confused with Gregorio del Pilar.

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Hilario del Pilar and the second or maternal family name is Gatmaitán.

Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán (Spanish:[maɾˈθelojˈlaɾjoðelpiˈlaɾ]; Tagalog:[maɾˈseloʔɪˈlaɾjodelpɪˈlaɾ]; August 30, 1850 – July 4, 1896), commonly known as Marcelo H. del Pilar and also known by his nom de plumePláridel, was a Filipino writer, lawyer, journalist, and freemason. Del Pilar, along with José Rizal and Graciano López Jaena, became known as the leaders of the Reform Movement in Spain.

Del Pilar was born and brought up in Bulakan, Bulacan. He was suspended at the Universidad de Santo Tomás and imprisoned in 1869 after he and the parish priest quarreled over exorbitant baptismal fees. In the mid-1880s, he expanded his anti-friar movement from Malolos to Manila. He went to Spain in 1888 after an order of banishment was issued against him. Twelve months after his arrival in Barcelona, he succeeded López Jaena as editor of the La Solidaridad (The Solidarity). Publication of the

Mexican revolutionary general and politician (1878–1923)

For other uses, see Pancho Villa (disambiguation).

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Arango and the second or maternal family name is Arámbula.

Francisco "Pancho" Villa (PAN-choh VEE-ə,PAHN-choh VEE-(y)ə,Spanish:[ˈpantʃoˈβiʎa]; born José Doroteo Arango Arámbula; 5 June 1878 – 20 July 1923) was a Mexican revolutionary and prominent figure in the Mexican Revolution. He was a key figure in the revolutionary movement that forced out President Porfirio Díaz and brought Francisco I. Madero to power in 1911. When Madero was ousted by a coup led by General Victoriano Huerta in February 1913, Villa joined the anti-Huerta forces in the Constitutionalist Army led by Venustiano Carranza. After the defeat and exile of Huerta in July 1914, Villa broke with Carranza. Villa dominated the meeting of revolutionary generals that excluded Carranza and helped create a coalition government. Emiliano Zapata and Villa became formal allies in this period. Like Zapata, Villa was strongly in favor of land reform, but did not implement it when he had power.

At the height of his power and popularity in late 1914 and early 1915, the U.S. considered recognizing Villa as Mexico's legitimate president. In Mexico, Villa is generally regarded as a hero of the Mexican Revolution who dared to stand up to the United States. Some American media outlets describe Villa as a villain and a murderer.

In November 1915, civil war broke out when Carranza challenged Villa. Villa was decisively defeated by Constitutionalist general Álvaro Obregón in summer 1915, and the U.S. aided Carranza directly against Villa in the Second Battle of Agua Prieta. Much of Villa's army left after his defeat on the battlefield and because of his lack of resources to buy arms and